Fundamentals of Electronics

Power Supply Filtering: How to Smooth Out DC Ri...

Introduction In the previous article, we explored how to convert AC to DC using rectification. However, the output from a rectifier isn't perfectly smooth DC, it contains ripple, a fluctuating...

Power Supply Filtering: How to Smooth Out DC Ri...

Introduction In the previous article, we explored how to convert AC to DC using rectification. However, the output from a rectifier isn't perfectly smooth DC, it contains ripple, a fluctuating...

From AC to DC: Mastering Rectification in Power...

In the modern world, virtually all electronic devices rely on a stable, low-voltage direct current (DC) for operation. However, the electrical grid supplies alternating current (AC). The critical process of...

From AC to DC: Mastering Rectification in Power...

In the modern world, virtually all electronic devices rely on a stable, low-voltage direct current (DC) for operation. However, the electrical grid supplies alternating current (AC). The critical process of...

Diodes Explained: The Essential One-Way Valve o...

A diode is one of the most fundamental and essential components in electronic circuit design. It is often conceptualized as the "one-way valve" of electronics, performing the critical function of...

Diodes Explained: The Essential One-Way Valve o...

A diode is one of the most fundamental and essential components in electronic circuit design. It is often conceptualized as the "one-way valve" of electronics, performing the critical function of...

The Indispensable Transformer: AC Voltage Conve...

In modern electronics and power systems, the transformer stands as a fundamental and indispensable component. At its core, this device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, enabling the efficient...

The Indispensable Transformer: AC Voltage Conve...

In modern electronics and power systems, the transformer stands as a fundamental and indispensable component. At its core, this device operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction, enabling the efficient...

Inductors Explained: Understanding How Coils St...

An inductor, often simply called a coil or reactor, is a fundamental passive electronic component that plays a critical role in almost every electronic circuit. Its primary function is rooted...

Inductors Explained: Understanding How Coils St...

An inductor, often simply called a coil or reactor, is a fundamental passive electronic component that plays a critical role in almost every electronic circuit. Its primary function is rooted...

Real-World Capacitors: Understanding Imperfecti...

In ideal circuit theory, a capacitor is a perfect component, purely storing electrical energy. However, real-world capacitors are "not quite perfect" and exhibit non-idealities that can significantly impact circuit performance,...

Real-World Capacitors: Understanding Imperfecti...

In ideal circuit theory, a capacitor is a perfect component, purely storing electrical energy. However, real-world capacitors are "not quite perfect" and exhibit non-idealities that can significantly impact circuit performance,...